Responsables d'ateliers > Arslan Kerem Gorkem

Nouveaux modes religieux et spiritualités alternatives dans la société turque contemporaine : émergence, pratiques et enjeux sociaux / New religious modes and alternative spiritualities in contemporary Turkish society: emergence, practices, and social issues
Kerem Gorkem Arslan  1@  
1 : Droit, religion, entreprise et société
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS

Résumé en français :

La Turquie, pays marqué par une forte tradition islamique et une politique laïque héritée de la République kémaliste, connaît depuis plusieurs décennies une diversification notable de ses expressions religieuses et spirituelles. Aux côtés de l'Islam sunnite dominant, de nouveaux modes religieux et des spiritualités alternatives émergent, touchant particulièrement les milieux urbains et les classes moyennes éduquées. Cette évolution est intimement liée aux processus de modernisation, de globalisation, ainsi qu'à la montée des tensions entre conservatisme religieux et recherche de nouvelles formes d'identité spirituelle.

Ces mouvements émergents incluent des pratiques qui vont de la redécouverte du soufisme, aux traditions ésotériques et mystiques, jusqu'aux croyances néo-païennes et le New Age. Le développement personnel, l'astrologie, la méditation, ainsi que des formes de syncrétisme religieux trouvent également un écho croissant, notamment dans les grandes métropoles comme Istanbul et Ankara. Ces phénomènes posent des questions essentielles sur les rapports entre religion, individualisme, et sécularisation dans une société en pleine mutation.

Cet atelier se propose d'explorer la nature, les origines et les conséquences de ces mouvements religieux émergents et spiritualités alternatives en Turquie. Quels facteurs sociopolitiques, culturels et économiques expliquent l'essor de ces pratiques ? Comment ces mouvements sont-ils perçus et encadrés par l'État et les autorités religieuses ? Dans quelle mesure ces nouveaux mouvements viennent-ils répondre aux besoins de quête de sens, d'identité, voire de résistance face aux injonctions d'une société globalisée et modernisée ?

En croisant des perspectives sociologiques, anthropologiques et historiques, cet atelier vise à éclairer les différentes dimensions de ce phénomène. Nous examinerons également comment ces mouvements émergents remettent en question les frontières entre le religieux et le séculier en Turquie, tout en ouvrant de nouvelles voies de compréhension des dynamiques sociales et religieuses contemporaines.

Bibliographie
Akgönül, S. (2024). Atheism, Theism, and Reactivation in Turkey Irreligiosity in a Secular State Under an Islamist Conservative Regime. In S. Akgönül & A.-L. Zwilling (Eds.), Druidism, Tengrism, Taaraism: Current Reactivations of Ancient Spiritualities and Religions, From Identity to Politics (pp. 75–86). Transnational Press London.
Cengiz, K., Küçükural, Ö., & Gür, H. (2021). Türkiye'de spiritüel arayışlar: Deizm, yoga, Budizm, meditasyon, reiki, vb. İletişim.
Dole, C. (2012). Healing Secular Life: Loss and Devotion in Modern Turkey. University of Pennsylvania Press.
Hendrich, B., & Sarmis, D. (2017). The Message Has to Be Spread: On the Character and Significance of Media in the Dissemination of Sufi Content in the Turkish Republic. European Journal of Turkish Studies, 25. https://doi.org/10.4000/ejts.5578
Lord, C. (2018). Religious politics in Turkey: From the birth of the Republic to the AKP. Cambridge University Press.
Silverstein, B. (2011). Islam and Modernity in Turkey. Palgrave Macmillan.
Türesay, Ö. (2024). Osmanlı'da Ruh Çağırma. Fol Kitap.
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Abstract in English:

New religious modes and alternative spiritualities in contemporary Turkish society: emergence, practices, and social issues

Turkey, a country marked by a strong Islamic tradition and a secular policy inherited from the Kemalist Republic, has experienced a notable diversification of its religious and spiritual expressions over the past few decades. Alongside the dominant Sunni Islam, new religious modes and alternative spiritualities are emerging, particularly attracting urban areas and the educated middle class. This evolution is closely tied to processes of modernization, globalization, and rising tensions between religious conservatism and the search for new forms of spiritual identity.

These emerging movements include practices ranging from the rediscovery of Sufism to esoteric and mystical traditions, as well as neo-pagan and New Age beliefs. Personal development, astrology, meditation, and forms of religious syncretism are also gaining increasing traction, especially in major cities like Istanbul and Ankara. These phenomena raise essential questions about the relationships between religion, individualism, and secularization in a society undergoing significant transformation.

This workshop aims to explore the nature, origins, and consequences of these emerging religious movements and alternative spiritualities in Turkey. What sociopolitical, cultural, and economic factors explain the rise of these practices? How are these movements perceived and regulated by the state and religious authorities? To what extent do these new movements respond to the needs for meaning, identity, and even resistance to the pressures of a globalized and modernized society?

By intersecting sociological, anthropological, and historical perspectives, this workshop seeks to shed light on the various dimensions of this phenomenon. We will also examine how these emerging movements challenge the boundaries between the religious and the secular in Turkey while opening new paths for understanding contemporary social and religious dynamics.

Bibliography:

  • Akgönül, S. (2024). Atheism, Theism, and Reactivation in Turkey Irreligiosity in a Secular State Under an Islamist Conservative Regime. In S. Akgönül & A.-L. Zwilling (Eds.), Druidism, Tengrism, Taaraism: Current Reactivations of Ancient Spiritualities and Religions, From Identity to Politics (pp. 75–86). Transnational Press London.
  • Cengiz, K., Küçükural, Ö., & Gür, H. (2021). Türkiye'de spiritüel arayışlar: Deizm, yoga, Budizm, meditasyon, reiki, vb. İletişim.
  • Dole, C. (2012). Healing Secular Life: Loss and Devotion in Modern Turkey. University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Hendrich, B., & Sarmis, D. (2017). The Message Has to Be Spread: On the Character and Significance of Media in the Dissemination of Sufi Content in the Turkish Republic. European Journal of Turkish Studies, 25. https://doi.org/10.4000/ejts.5578
  • Lord, C. (2018). Religious Politics in Turkey: From the Birth of the Republic to the AKP. Cambridge University Press.
  • Silverstein, B. (2011). Islam and Modernity in Turkey (1st edition). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Türesay, Ö. (2024). Osmanlı'da Ruh Çağırma. Fol Kitap.

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